Back to

Fred Westbrook

Scientia Professor

Science

School of Psychology

Research areas:

Behavioural and neural investigations of elementary learning processes.

Current research projects:

Project: False Memories In Laboratory Rodents

Project: Effects of Western Diet on Cognition in Rodents

Project: Learning to Inhibit Fear

Project: The Neural Substrates of Higher-Order Conditioned Fear

Project: Danger Changes the Way the Brain Processes Innocuous Information

Project: Oxytocin Impairs Fear Acquisition and Fear Inhibition: Mechanisms of Action in the Basolateral...

Phone

(02) 9385 3033

f.westbrook@unsw.edu.au

Location

Office: Mathews, Room 615c

Teaching
Publications
Awards, Fellowships & Grants

PSYC2081: Learning and Physiological Psychology, opens in a new window
PSYC4053: Psychology 4A

1. Holmes, N.M., Chan, Y.Y., & Westbrook, R. F. A combination of common and individual error terms is not needed to explain associative changes when cues with different training histories are conditioned in compound: A review of Rescorla's compound test procedure., opens in a new window J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. DOI: 10.1037/xan0000204

2. Wong, F.S., Westbrook, R.F., & Holmes, N.M. 'Online' integration of sensory and fear memories in the rat medial temporal lobe. Elife. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.47085

3. Williams-Spooner, M., Westbrook, R. F. & Holmes, N.M. The Conditions under Which Consolidation of Serial-Order Conditioned Fear Requires De Novo Protein Synthesis in the Basolateral Amygdala Complex., opens in a new window J Neuro. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0768-19.2019

4. Abbott, K.N., Arnott, C. K., Westbrook, R. F. & Tran, D. M. D. The effect of high fat, high sugar, and combined high fat-high sugar diets on spatial learning and memory in rodents: A meta-analysis., opens in a new windowNeurosci Biobehav Rev. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.010

5. Albertella, L., Le Pelley, M. E., Chamberlain, S., Westbrook, R. F., Fontenelle, L., Pearson, L., D., Segrave, R., Lee, R., Pearson, D., & Yücel, M. (2019) Reward-related attentional capture is associated with severity of obsessive-compulsive and addictive behaviours., opens in a new window Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. DOI: 10.1037/adb0000484
1. Leidl, D. M., Lay, B. P. P., Chakouch, C., Westbrook, R. F., & Holmes, N. M. (2018). Protein synthesis in the basolateral amygdala complex is required for consolidation of a first-order fear memory, but not for consolidation of a higher-order fear memory., opens in a new window Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.04.001

2. Tran, D., & Westbrook, R. F. (2018). Dietary effects on object recognition: The impact of high-fat high-sugar diets on recollection and familiarity-based memory, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition. DOI: 10.1037/xan0000170

3. Lay, B. P. P., Westbrook, R. F., Glanzman, D. L., & Holmes, N. M. (2018). Commonalities and differences in the substrates underlying consolidation of first- and second-order conditioned fear, opens in a new window. Journal of Neuroscience, Jan 23. pii: 2966-17. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2966-17.2018.

4. Holmes, N. M., Raipuria, M., Qureshi, O., Killcross, A. S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2018). Danger changes the way the mammalian brain stores information about innocuous events: a study of sensory preconditioning in rats., opens in a new window eNeuro, 0381-17.2017.

5. Holmes, N. M., Pan, J., Davis, A., Panayi, M., & Clemens, K. J. (2018). Rats choose high doses of nicotine in order to compensate for changes in its price and availability, opens in a new window. Addiction Biology. DOI: 10.1111/adb.12637.

6. Laurent, V., Balleine, B. W., & Westbrook, R. F. (2018) Motivational state controls the prediction error in Pavlovian appetitive-aversive interactions, opens in a new window. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 147, 18 – 25.

7. Lingawi, N. W., Laurent, V., Westbrook, R. F., & Holmes, N. M. (2018). The role of the basolateral amygdala and infralimbic cortex in (re)learning extinction, opens in a new window. Psychopharmacology (in press; accepted 06/2018).

8. Fam, J., Holmes, N. M., Crane, J. W, Delaney, A. J., & Westbrook, R. F. (2018). Oxytocin receptor activation in the basolateral complex of the amygdala enhances discrimination between discrete cues and promotes configural processing of cues, opens in a new window. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 96, 84-92.

9. Delaney, A. J., Crane, J. W., Fam, J., Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2018). Baclofen acts in the central amygdala to reduce synaptic transmission and impair context fear conditioning, opens in a new window. Scientific Reports, 2018 Jul 2;8(1):9908. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28321-0.

10. Lingawi, N. W., Holmes, N. M., Westbrook, R. F., & Laurent, V. (2018). The infralimbic cortex encodes inhibition irrespective of motivational significance, opens in a new window. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 150, 64-74.

11. Lingawi, N. W., Andrew, E., Laurent, V., Killcross, A. S., Westbrook, R. F., Holmes, N. M. (2018). The conditions that regulate formation of a false fear memory in rats, opens in a new window. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 156, 53- 59. DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.10.009.
1. Clemens, K. J., & Holmes, N. M. (2017). An extended history of drug self-administration results in multiple sources of control over drug seeking behaviour, opens in a new window. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Nov 10. pii: S0278-5846(17)30418-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.011. [Epub ahead of print].

2. Holmes, N. M., Crane, J. W., Tang, M., Fam, J., Westbrook, R. F., & Delaney, A. J. (2017). α2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition in the central amygdala blocks fear-conditioning. Scientific Reports, 2017 Sep 15;7(1):11712. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12115-x.

3. Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2017). A dangerous context changes the way that rats learn about and discriminate between innocuous events in sensory preconditioning., opens in a new window Learning and Memory, 24(9), 440-448.

4. Reichelt, A., C., Westbrook, R. F., & Morris, M. J. (2017). Editorial: Impact of diet on learning, memory and cognition, opens in a new window. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,

5. Fam, J., Westbrook, R. F., & Holmes, N. M. (2017). An examination of changes in behavioural control when stimuli with different associative histories are conditioned in compound, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning & Cognition, 43(3), 205-18.

6. Griffiths, O, Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2017). Compound stimulus presentation does not deepen extinction in human causal learning, opens in a new window. Frontiers in Psychology, Feb 9;8:120. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00120. eCollection 2017.

7. Rosenberg, H., McDonald, S., Rosenberg, J., & Westbrook, R. F. (2017). Measuring emotion perception following traumatic brain injury: The Complex Audio Visual Emotion Assessment Task (CAVEAT), opens in a new window. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, doi: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1273118.

8. Lingawi, N. W., Westbrook, R. F., & Laurent, V. (2017). Extinction and latent Inhibition involve a similar form of inhibitory learning that is stored in and retrieved from the infralimbic cortex, opens in a new window. Cerebral Cortex, 27(12), 5547-5556.

9. Rosenberg, H., McDonald, S., Rosenberg, J., & Westbrook, R. F. (2017). Amused, flirting or simply baffled? Is recognition of all emotions affected by Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?, opens in a new window Journal of Neuropsychology, doi: 10.1111/jnp.12109 (in press, accepted 06/2016).

10. Lingawi, N. W., & Westbrook, R. F., Laurent, V. (2017). Extinction of relapsed fear does not require the basolateral amygdala, opens in a new window. Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, 139, 149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.01.005.

11. Clemens, K. J., Lay, B. P. P., & Holmes, N. M. (2017). Extended nicotine self-administration increases sensitivity to nicotine, motivation to seek nicotine, and the reinforcing properties of nicotine-paired cues, opens in a new window. Addiction Biology, 22(2), 400-410.
1. Tran, D. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2016). A high-fat high-sugar diet-induced impairment in place-recognition memory is reversible and training-dependent, opens in a new window. Appetite, 110, 61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.010.

2. Holmes, N. M., Hutton-Bedbrook, K., Fam, J., & Westbrook, R. F. (2016). Incentive contrast effects regulate responding to a flavor presented in compound with a saccharin unconditioned stimulus in rats, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning & Cognition, 42(3), 233-45.

3. Macnamara, C., Holmes, N. M., Westbrook, R. F., & Clemens, K. J. (2016). Varenicline impairs extinction and enhances reinstatement across repeated cycles of nicotine self-administration in rats, opens in a new window. Neuropharmacology, 105, 463-70.

4. Holmes, N. M., Leung, H. T., & Westbrook, R. F. (2016). Counter-conditioned fear responses exhibit greater renewal than extinguished fear responses, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 23, 141-50.

5. Leung, H. T., Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook. R. F. (2016). An appetitive conditioned stimulus enhances acquisition and impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 23, 113-20.
1. Tran, D.M., Westbrook, R. F. (2015). Rats fed a diet rich in fats and sugars are impaired in the use of spatial geometry., opens in a new window Psychological Science. 26, 1947-57.

2. Reichelt, A.C., Westbrook, R. F., Morris, M.J. (2015). Integration of reward signalling and appetite regulating peptide systems in the control of food-cue responses, opens in a new window. British Journal of Pharmacology, 172, 5225-38.

3. Bae, S.E., Holmes, N.M., Westbrook, R. F. (2015). False context fear memory in rats, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 22, 519-25. Supported by DP13013687 (2013-15).

4. Sharpe, M.J., Clemens, K.J., Morris, M.J., Westbrook, R. F. (2015). Daily exposure to sucrose impairs subsequent learning about food cues: a role for alterations in ghrelin signaling and dopamine D2 receptors, opens in a new window. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41, 1357-65. doi: 10.1038/npp.2015.287.

5. Campbell-Smith, E.J., Holmes, N.M., Lingawi, N.W., Panayi, M.C., Westbrook, R. F. (2015). Oxytocin signaling in basolateral and central amygdala nuclei differentially regulates the acquisition, expression, and extinction of context-conditioned fear in rats, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 22, 247-57.

6. Reichelt, A.C., Killcross, S., Hambly, L.D., Morris, M.J., Westbrook, R. F. (2015). Impact of adolescent sucrose access on cognitive control, recognition memory, and parvalbumin immunoreactivity, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 22, 215-24.

7. Rosenberg, H., McDonald, S., Dethier, M., Kessels, R. P. C., & Westbrook, R. F. (2015). Emotion perception after moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The valence effect and the role of working memory, processing speed and non-verbal reasoning, opens in a new window. Neuropsychology, 29, 509-21.

8. Morris, M. J., Beilharz, J., Maniam, J., Reichelt, A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2015). Why is obesity such a problem in the 21st century? The intersection of palatable food, cues and reward pathways, stress, and cognition, opens in a new window. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 58, 36-45.

9. Reichelt, A., Maniam, J., Westbrook, R. F., & Morris, M. (2015). Dietary-induced obesity disrupts trace fear conditioning and decreases hippocampal reelin expression, opens in a new window. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 43, 68-75.
1. Rosenberg, H., McDonald, S., Dethier, M., Kessels, R. P. C., Westbrook, R. F. (2014). Facial emotion recognition deficits following moderate-severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Re-examining the valence effect and the role of emotion intensity, opens in a new window. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 20, 994-1003.

2. Hart, G., Holmes, N., Harris, J., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). Benzodiazepine administration prevents the use of error correction mechanisms during fear extinction, opens in a new window. Learning & Behavior, 42, 383-397. Supported by DP110105136 (2011-13).

3. Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). Appetitive context conditioning proactively, but transiently, interferes with expression of counter-conditioned context fear, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 21, 597-605.

4. Holmes, N. M., Griffiths, O. & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). The influence of partner cues on extinction of causal judgments in people, opens in a new window. Learning & Behavior, 42, 289-303

5. Holmes, N. M., Cai, S. Y., Lay, B. P. P., Watts, N. R., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). Extinguished second-order conditioned fear responses are renewed but not reinstated, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 40, 369-379. Supported by DP13013687 (2013-15).

6. Clemens, K. J., Castino, M. R., Cornish, J. L., Goodchild, A. K., & Holmes, N. M. (2014). Behavioral and neural substrates of habit formation in rats intravenously self-administering nicotine, opens in a new window. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(11), 2584-93.

7. Holmes, N. M., South, T., Martire, S. I., Westbrook, R. F., & Morris, M. J. (2014). Rats eat a cafeteria-style diet to excess but eat smaller amounts and less frequently when tested with chow, opens in a new window. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e93506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093506.

8. Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). ABA renewal is greater when extinction occurs in the same context as cue pre-exposure, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 40, 369-79. Supported by DP110105136 (2011-13).

9. Hart, G., Panayi, M. C., Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). Benzodiazepine treatment can impair or spare extinction, depending on when it is given, opens in a new window. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 56, 22-29. Supported by DP110105136 (2011-13).

10. Siette, J., Riechelt, A. C., & Westbrook, R. F. (2014). A bout of voluntary running enhances context conditioned fear, its extinction, and its reconsolidation, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 21, 73-81

11. Martire, S. I., Maniam, J., South, T., Holmes, N. M., Westbrook, R. F., & Morris, M. J. (2014). Extended exposure to a palatable cafeteria diet alters gene expression in brain regions implicated in reward, and withdrawal from this diet alters gene expression in brain regions associated with stress, opens in a new window. Behavioural Brain Research, 265, 132-141.
1. Delamater, A. R. & Westbrook, R. F. (2013). Psychological and neural mechanisms of experimental extinction: A selective review, opens in a new window. Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, S1074-7427(13)00193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.09.016

2. Holmes, N. M., Parkes, S. L., Killcross, A. S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2013). The basolateral amygdala is critical for learning about neutral stimuli in the presence of danger, and the perirhinal cortex is critical in the absence of danger, opens in a new window. Journal of Neuroscience, 33, 13112-25.

3. Holmes, N. M., & Fam, J. (2013). How does dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core relate to encoding of a Pavlovian incentive stimulus?, opens in a new window Journal of Neuroscience, 33(25), 10191-2.

4. Leung, H. T., Killcross, A. S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2013). Error correction in latent inhibition and its disruption by opioid receptor blockade with naloxone, opens in a new window. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38, 2439-45.

5. Iordanova, M. D., Haralambous, T., McNally, G. P., Westbrook, R. F. (2013). Accumbal opioid receptors modulate cue competition in one-trial overshadowing, opens in a new window. Brain Research, 1517, 57-67

6. Holmes, N. M., & Westbrook, R. F. (2013). Extinction of reinstated or ABC renewed fear responses renders them resistant to subsequent ABA renewal, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 39, 208-20.

7. Leung, H. T., Killcross, A. S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2013). A further assessment of the Hall-Rodriguez theory of latent inhibition, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 39, 117-25.
1. Leung, H. T, Reeks, L., & Westbrook, R. F. (2012). Two ways to deepen extinction and the difference between them, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 394-406.

2. Siette, J., Westbrook, R. F., Cotman, C., Sidhu, K., Zhu, W., Sachdev, P., Valenzuela, M. J. (2012). Age-specific effects of voluntary exercise on the older brain and memory, opens in a new window. Biological Psychiatry, 73, 435-

3. Griffiths, O., & Westbrook, R. F. (2012). A common error term regulates acquisition but not extinction of causal judgments in people, opens in a new window. Learning & Behavior, 40, 207-221.
1. Lavan, D., McDonald, J. S., Westbrook, R. F., & Arabzadeh, E. (2011). Behavioral correlates of uncertainty in a discrete trial choice paradigm, opens in a new window. Public Library of Science, 10, 1- 10 e26863

2. Parkes, S. L., & Westbrook, R. F. (2011). Role of the basolateral amygdala and NMDA receptors in higher-order conditioned fear, opens in a new window. Reviews in the Neurosciences. 22, 317–333.

3. Leung, H. T., Killcross, A. S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2011). Additional exposures to a compound of two pre-exposed stimuli deepen latent inhibition, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 394-406.

4. Rosenberg, H., Holmes, N., Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2011). Pre-exposure enhances spontaneous recovery from extinction, opens in a new window. Learning & Behavior, online DOI 10.3758/s13420-011-0019-5.

5. Holmes, N. M., & Clemens, K. J. (2011). Multiple interpretations of cocaine-seeking behaviour after prolonged self-administration training, opens in a new window. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(11), 3935-6.
1. Chan, W.Y.M., Leung, H.-T., Westbrook, R. F., & McNally, G.P. (2010). Effects of recent exposure to a conditioned stimulus on extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Learning & Memory, 17, 512-521

2. Parkes, S. L., & Westbrook, R. F. (2010). The basolateral amygdala is critical for the acquisition and extinction of associations between a neutral stimulus and a learned danger signal but not between two neutral stimuli. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 12608-12618.

3. Holtzman, O., Siette, J., Holmes, N., & Westbrook, R. F. (2010). Additional exposures reverse the latent inhibitory effects of recent and remote exposures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 36, 368 – 380. Supported by DP0881325 (2008-10).

4. Leung, H. T., & Westbrook, R. F. (2010). Increased spontaneous recovery with increases in the amount of conditioned stimulus alone exposures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 36, 354 - 367. Supported by DP0881325 (2008-10).

5. Hart, G. Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2010). Systemic or intra-amygdala infusion of the benzodiazepine, midazolam, impairs learning, but facilitates re-learning to inhibit fear responses in extinction. Learning & Memory, 17, 210-220.

6. Holtzman, O., Laurent, V., & Westbrook, R. F. (2010). Blockade of dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens impairs learning extinction of conditioned fear. Learning & Memory, 17, 71-75.

7. Laurent, V., & Westbrook, R. F. (2010). Role of the basolateral amygdala in the reinstatement and extinction of fear responses to a previously extinguished conditioned stimulus. Learning & Memory, 17, 86-96

8. Holmes, N. M., Marchand, A. R., & Coutureau, E. (2010). Pavlovian to instrumental transfer: A neurobehavioural perspective. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34(8), 1277-95.
1. Holmes, N. M., & Harris, J. A. (2009). The loss of latent inhibition across compound conditioning, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35(3), 328-39.

2. Laurent, V., & Westbrook, R. F. (2009). Inactivation of the infralimbic but not the prelimbic cortex impairs consolidation, and retrieval of fear extinction, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 16, 520-529

3. Laurent, V., & Westbrook, R. F. (2009). Infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist, DL-APV, into the basolateral amygdala disrupts learning to fear a novel and a familiar context as well as relearning to fear an extinguished context, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 16, 96 – 105.

4. Hart, G., Harris, J. A., & Westbrook, R. F. (2009). Systemic or intra-amygdala injection of a benzodiazepine (midazolam) impairs extinction but spares re-extinction of conditioned fear responses, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 16, 53 – 61.

5. Delamater, A. R., Campese, V., & Westbrook, R. F. (2009). Renewal and spontaneous recovery, but not latent inhibition, are mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid in appetitive conditioning, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 35, 224–237.
1. Harris, J. A., Livesey, E. J., Ghareai, S., & Westbrook, R. F. (2008). Negative patterning is easier than a biconditional discrimination, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 494 – 500.

2. Leung, H. T., & Westbrook, R. F. (2008). Spontaneous recovery of extinguished fear responses deepens their extinction: a role for error-correction mechanisms, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 461–474. Supported by DP0881325 (2008-10).

3. Laurent, V., & Westbrook, R. F. (2008). Distinct contributions of the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala to extinction and re-extinction, opens in a new window. Learning & Memory, 15, 657 – 666.

4. Sah, P., & Westbrook, R. F. (2008). The circuit of fear. Nature, 454, 589 – 590.

5. Li, S. H., & Westbrook, R. F. (2008). Massed extinction trials produce better short-term but worse long-term loss of context conditioned fear responses than spaced trials, opens in a new window. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 34, 336 – 351. Supported by DP0881325 (2008-10).

6. Sah, P., Westbrook, R. F., & Lüthi, A. (2008). Fear conditioning and LTP in the amygdala: What really is the connection?, opens in a new window Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1129, 88- 95

2020 – 2023 Australian Research Council Future Fellowship. The processing of fear in the medial temporal lobe. Nathan M. Holmes
2020 – 2023 UNSW Scientia Research Fellowship. The neural substrates of false fear memory in rats. Nathan M. Holmes
2020 – 2022 Australian Research Council Discovery Project. Extinction of fears based on learned sources of danger. Nathan M. Holmes, Fred Westbrook
2019 – 2021 Australian Research Council Discovery Project. How an innocuous event never associated with danger becomes frightening. Nathan M. Holmes, Fred Westbrook
2018 – 2020 National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant. Modelling post-traumatic stress in rats: hypervigilance and the spread of fear. Nathan M. Holmes, Vincent Laurent & Fred Westbrook
2016 – 2018 Australian Research Council Discovery Project. The neural substrates of false fear memory in rats. Nathan M. Holmes, Fred Westbrook, Vincent Laurent & Simon Killcross
2015 – 2017 Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (DECRA). Fear changes how the brain processes innocuous information. Nathan M. Holmes
2015 – 2017 National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant. Oxytocin impairs fear acquisition and enhances fear inhibition: mechanisms of action in the basolateral complex of the amygdala. Fred Westbrook, Nathan M. Holmes, James Crane & Andrew Delaney
2013 – 2015 Australian Research Council Discovery Project. The neural substrates of higher-order conditioned fear. Fred Westbrook, Simon Killcross
2012 – 2014 National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant. Neural substrates of choice and the role of context. Ehsan Arabzadeh, Fred Westbrook, & Simon Killcross
2012 – 2014 National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant. Food addiction. Margaret Morris & Fred Westbrook

Follow

Fred Westbrook

Research areas:

Current research projects:

Research areas:

Current research projects: