Donor spin qubits in silicon
Our research focuses on phosphorus donors in silicon, where we achieve record-long quantum coherence times and conduct advanced experiments towards scalable quantum computing.
[Madzik2022]
Our research focuses on phosphorus donors in silicon, where we achieve record-long quantum coherence times and conduct advanced experiments towards scalable quantum computing.
A phosphorus (31P) donor in silicon is akin to a hydrogen atom in a vacuum, possessing electron and nuclear spins of 1/2 that serve as natural qubits [Pla2012, opens in a new window, Pla2013, opens in a new window]. The silicon host material can be isotopically purified to be nearly free of nuclear spin-carrying isotopes, resulting in exceptional coherence times [Muhonen2015, opens in a new window]. Recent advancements include two-qubit gate fidelities exceeding 99% [Madzik2022], opens in a new window and successful demonstration of J-coupling between two donor qubits [Stemp2023], opens in a new window, showcasing the potential of silicon donors as a quantum computing platform. Ongoing research aims to enhance qubit performance through improved fabrication techniques, as illustrated by recent improvements in donor implantation precision [Jakob2023, opens in a new window, Holmes2023, opens in a new window].
- Team members
- Publications
- Collaborators
X. Yu, B. Wilhelm, D. Holmes, A. Vaartjes, D. Schwienbacher, M. Nurizzo, A. Kringhøj, M. R. van Blankenstein, A. M. Jakob, P. Gupta, et al., Creation and manipulation of Schr¨odinger cat states of a nuclear spin qudit in silicon, opens in a new window, arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.15494 (2024)
G. ¨Ustun, A. Morello, and S. Devitt, Single-step parity check gate set for quantum error correction, opens in a new window, Quantum Science and Technology 9, 035037 (2024).
D. Holmes, B. Wilhelm, A. M. Jakob, X. Yu, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, A. S. Dzurak, D. N. Jamieson, and A. Morello, Improved placement precision of donor spin qubits in silicon using molecule ion implantation,, opens in a new window Advanced Quantum Technologies 7, 2300316 (2024).
B. Joecker, H. G. Stemp, I. Fernandez de Fuentes, M. A. Johnson, and A. Morello, Error channels in quantum nondemolition measurements on spin systems, opens in a new window, Physical Review B 109, 085302 (2024).
I. Fernandez de Fuentes, T. Botzem, M. A. Johnson, A. Vaartjes, S. Asaad, V. Mourik, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, B. C. Johnson, A. M. Jakob, et al., Navigating the 16-dimensional hilbert space of a high-spin donor qudit with electric and magnetic fields,, opens in a new window Nature Communications 15, 1380 (2024).
H. G. Stemp, S. Asaad, M. R. van Blankenstein, A. Vaartjes, M. A. Johnson, M. T. Madzik, A. J.Heskes, H. R. Firgau, R. Y. Su, C. H. Yang, et al.,Tomography of entangling two-qubit logic operations in exchange-coupled donor electron spin qubits,, opens in a new window arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.15463 (2023).
R. Savytskyy, T. Botzem, I. Fernandez de Fuentes, B. Joecker, J. J. Pla, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, A. M. Jakob, B. C. Johnson, D. N. Jamieson, et al., An electrically driven single-atom “flip-flop” qubit, opens in a new window, Science advances 9, eadd9408 (2023).
M. A. Johnson, M. T. Madzik, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, A. M. Jakob, D. N. Jamieson, A. Dzurak, and A. Morello, Beating the thermal limit of qubit initialization with a bayesian maxwell’s demon,, opens in a new window Physical Review X 12, 041008 (2022).
M. T. Madzik, S. Asaad, A. Youssry, B. Joecker, K. M. Rudinger, E. Nielsen, K. C. Young, T. J. Proctor, A. D. Baczewski, A. Laucht, et al., Precision tomography of a three-qubit donor quantum processor in silicon, opens in a new window, Nature 601, 348 (2022).
L. A. O’Neill, B. Joecker, A. D. Baczewski, and A. Morello, Engineering local strain for single-atom nuclear acoustic resonance in silicon, opens in a new window, Applied Physics Letters 119 (2021).
B. Joecker, A. D. Baczewski, J. K. Gamble, J. J. Pla, A. Saraiva, and A. Morello, Full configuration interaction simulations of exchange-coupled donors in silicon using multi-valley effective mass theory, opens in a new window, New Journal of Physics 23, 073007 (2021).
M. T. Madzik, A. Laucht, F. E. Hudson, A. M. Jakob, B. C. Johnson, D. N. Jamieson, K. M. Itoh, A. S. Dzurak, and A. Morello, Conditional quantum operation of two exchange-coupled single-donor spin qubits in a moscompatible silicon device, opens in a new window, Nature Communications 12,181 (2021).
A. Morello, J. J. Pla, P. Bertet, and D. N. Jamieson, Donor spins in silicon for quantum technologies, opens in a new window, Advanced Quantum Technologies 3, 2000005 (2020).
M. T. Madzik, T. D. Ladd, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, A. M. Jakob, B. C. Johnson, J. C. McCallum, D. N. Jamieson, A. S. Dzurak, A. Laucht, et al., Controllable freezing of the nuclear spin bath in a single-atom spin qubit, opens in a new window, Science Advances 6, eaba3442 (2020).
S. Asaad, V. Mourik, B. Joecker, M. A. Johnson, A. D. Baczewski, H. R. Firgau, M. T. Madzik, V. Schmitt, J. J. Pla, F. E. Hudson, et al., Coherent electrical control of a single high-spin nucleus in silicon, opens in a new window, Nature 579, 205 (2020).
V. Mourik, S. Asaad, H. Firgau, J. J. Pla, C. Holmes, G. J. Milburn, J. C. McCallum, and A. Morello, Exploring quantum chaos with a single nuclear spin, opens in a new window, Physical Review E 98, 042206 (2018).
S. B. Tenberg, S. Asaad, M. T. Madzik, M. A. Johnson, B. Joecker, A. Laucht, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, A. M. Jakob, B. C. Johnson, et al., Electron spin relaxation of single phosphorus donors in metal-oxide-semiconductor nanoscale devices, opens in a new window, Physical Review B 99, 205306 (2019).
J. Muhonen, J. Dehollain, A. Laucht, S. Simmons, R. Kalra, F. Hudson, A. Dzurak, A. Morello,D. Jamieson, J. McCallum, et al., Coherent control via weak measurements in p 31 single-atom electron and nuclear spin qubits, opens in a new window, Physical review B 98, 155201 (2018).
G. Tosi, F. A. Mohiyaddin, S. Tenberg, A. Laucht, and A. Morello, Robust electric dipole transition at microwave frequencies for nuclear spin qubits in silicon, opens in a new window, Physical Review B 98, 075313 (2018).
G. Tosi, F. A. Mohiyaddin, V. Schmitt, S. Tenberg, R. Rahman, G. Klimeck, and A. Morello, Silicon quantum processor with robust long-distance qubit couplings, opens in a new window, Nature Communications 8, 450 (2017).
S. Freer, S. Simmons, A. Laucht, J. T. Muhonen, J. P. Dehollain, R. Kalra, F. A. Mohiyaddin, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, J. C. McCallum, et al., A single-atom quantum memory in silicon, opens in a new window, Quantum Science and Technology 2, 015009 (2017).
A. Laucht, R. Kalra, S. Simmons, J. P. Dehollain, J. T. Muhonen, F. A. Mohiyaddin, S. Freer, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, D. N. Jamieson, et al., A dressed spin qubit in silicon, opens in a new window, Nature Nanotechnology 12, 61 (2017).
A. Laucht, S. Simmons, R. Kalra, G. Tosi, J. P. Dehollain, J. T. Muhonen, S. Freer, F. E. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, D. N. Jamieson, et al., Breaking the rotating wave approximation for a strongly driven dressed single-electron spin, opens in a new window, Physical Review B 94, 161302 (2016).
J. P. Dehollain, J. T. Muhonen, R. Blume-Kohout, K. M. Rudinger, J. K. Gamble, E. Nielsen, A. Laucht, S. Simmons, R. Kalra, A. S. Dzurak, et al., Optimization of a solid-state electron spin qubit using gate set tomography, opens in a new window, New Journal of Physics 18, 103018 (2016).
F. A. Mohiyaddin, R. Kalra, A. Laucht, R. Rahman, G. Klimeck, and A. Morello, Transport of spin qubits with donor chains under realistic experimental conditions, opens in a new window, Physical Review B 94, 045314 (2016).
J. P. Dehollain, S. Simmons, J. T. Muhonen, R. Kalra, A. Laucht, F. Hudson, K. M. Itoh, D. N. Jamieson, J. C. McCallum, A. S. Dzurak, et al., Bell’s inequality violation with spins in silicon, opens in a new window, Nature nanotechnology 11, 242 (2016).
A. Laucht, J. T. Muhonen, F. A. Mohiyaddin, R. Kalra, J. P. Dehollain, S. Freer, F. E. Hudson, M. Veldhorst, R. Rahman, G. Klimeck, et al., Electrically controlling single-spin qubits in a continuous microwave field, opens in a new window, Science advances 1, e1500022 (2015).
J. T. Muhonen, A. Laucht, S. Simmons, J. P. Dehollain, R. Kalra, F. E. Hudson, S. Freer, K. M. Itoh, D. N. Jamieson, J. C. McCallum, et al., Quantifying the quantum gate fidelity of single-atom spin qubits in silicon by randomized benchmarking, opens in a new window, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 27, 154205 (2015).
J. J. Pla, F. A. Mohiyaddin, K. Y. Tan, J. P. Dehollain, R. Rahman, G. Klimeck, D. N. Jamieson, A. S. Dzurak, and A. Morello, Coherent control of a single si 29 nuclear spin qubit, opens in a new window, Physical Review Letters 113, 246801 (2014).
J. T. Muhonen, J. P. Dehollain, A. Laucht, F. E. Hudson, R. Kalra, T. Sekiguchi, K. M. Itoh, D. N. Jamieson, J. C. McCallum, A. S. Dzurak, et al., Storing quantum information for 30 seconds in a nanoelectronic device, opens in a new window, Nature Nanotechnology 9, 986 (2014).
A. Laucht, R. Kalra, J. T. Muhonen, J. P. Dehollain,F. A. Mohiyaddin, F. Hudson, J. C. McCallum, D. N.Jamieson, A. S. Dzurak, and A. Morello, High-fidelity adiabatic inversion of a 31P electron spin qubit in natural silicon, Applied Physics Letters 104 (2014).
R. Kalra, A. Laucht, C. D. Hill, and A. Morello, Robust two-qubit gates for donors in silicon controlled by hyperfine interactions, opens in a new window, Physical Review X 4, 021044 (2014).
E. Prati, A. Morello, et al., Quantum information in silicon devices based on individual dopants, opens in a new window, Single-Atom Nanoelectronics , 5 (2013).
J. J. Pla, K. Y. Tan, J. P. Dehollain, W. H. Lim, J. J.Morton, F. A. Zwanenburg, D. N. Jamieson, A. S. Dzurak,and A. Morello, High-fidelity readout and control of a nuclear spin qubit in silicon, opens in a new window, Nature 496, 334 (2013).
J. J. Pla, K. Y. Tan, J. P. Dehollain, W. H. Lim, J. J.Morton, D. N. Jamieson, A. S. Dzurak, and A. Morello, A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon,, opens in a new window Nature 489, 541 (2012).
A. Morello, J. J. Pla, F. A. Zwanenburg, K. W. Chan,K. Y. Tan, H. Huebl, M. M¨ott¨onen, C. D. Nugroho,C. Yang, J. A. Van Donkelaar, et al., Single-shot readout of an electron spin in silicon, opens in a new window, Nature 467, 687 (2010).
Jeffrey McCallum, opens in a new window, University of Melbourne, David N. Jamieson, opens in a new window at University of Melbourne, Fay Hudson at UNSW Sydney, Andrew Dzurak at UNSW Sydney, Kohei M Itoh, opens in a new window at Keio University.